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Hole drilling method
The hole drilling method is a method for measuring residual stresses〔(Residual stresses, University of West Bohemia, New Technologies - Research Centre, department Thermomechanics of Technological Processes )〕 in a material. Residual stress occurs in a material even if there is no external force applied. They influence the strength, fatigue, and corrosion properties of the material. They are mostly determined using experimental methods. The hole drilling method is one of the most used methods for residual stress measurement.〔(Measuring residual stresses by the hole drilling method, University of West Bohemia, New Technologies - Research Centre, department Thermomechanics of Technological Processes )〕
The hole drilling method can measure macroscopic residual stresses close to the material surface. The principle is based on drilling of a small hole into the material that causes a relieve of the original residual stresses. The relieving is accompanied by associated deformations around the drilled hole. The deformations are measured mostly by strain gauges. The original residual stress in the material is evaluated from the measured deformations using so called calibration coefficients. The hole drilling method is popular for its simplicity and it is suitable for a wide range of applications and materials.
== History and development ==
The idea of measuring the residual stress by drilling a hole and registering the change of the hole diameter was first proposed by Mathar in 1934. In 1966 Rendler and Vignis introduced a systematic and repeatable procedure of hole drilling to measure the residual stress. In the following period the method was further developed in terms of drilling techniques, measuring the relieved deformations, and the residual stress evaluation itself. A very important milestone is the use of finite element method to compute the calibration coefficients and to evaluate the residual stresses from the measured relieved deformations (Schajer, 1981). That allowed especially the evaluation of residual stresses which are not constant along the depth. It also brought further possibilities of using the method, e.g., for inhomogeneous materials, coatings, etc. The measurement and evaluation procedure is standardised by the norm ASTM E837〔(E 837: Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stress by the Hole Drilling Strain-Gauge Method, ASTM Standard, American Society for Testing and Materials )〕 of the American Society for Testing and Materials which also contributed to the popularity of the method. The hole drilling is currently one of the most widespread methods of measuring the residual stress. Modern computational methods are used for the evaluation. The method is being developed especially in terms of drilling techniques and the possibilities of measuring the deformations.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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